Practice care models for the fetus with cardiovascular disease are varied, evolving, and continuously improving. Diagnostic capacities are increasing through the use of targeted ultrasound and fetal echocardiography. Fetal cardiovascular…
Congenital heart disease (CHD) can broadly be thought of as what happens when normal heart development goes awry. Although the range of defects may seem endless, there are limitations. Pathologists,…
Introduction We begin our examination of the normal fetal circulation with a description of the anatomical pathways involved ( Figure 1-1 ). Figure 1-1 The fetal circulation demonstrating flow pathways…
Do you see the branch that has been cut out on the left side of the tree in the picture? If the branch had been removed due to disease, where…
Aha! You’ve identified a suspicious lesion at diagnostic evaluation and now it needs a biopsy. You’re pretty sure you can see it on ultrasonography (US), so maybe you’ll do the…
She had breast implants years ago and now she’s nervous: I wonder if that lump that my doctor feels is related to my implant or if it’s something more serious….
Do you have trees in your yard? If you see a diseased area on a branch of a dogwood tree, you will likely also look up and down that branch…
Four o’clock and you are winding down the day. The mammography technologist brings you a mammogram of a 41-year-old woman with a breast lump. It looks negative. You ask the…
You’re about to sign off on a negative screening mammogram when her history catches your eye. She’s only 32 years old. Her sister was just diagnosed with breast cancer at…
A blind date: Things are going well, but really, this person could be a serial killer for all you know. How do you get to know him? Sometimes it’s easy,…
