Cystic Hygroma
Abstract Cystic hygroma is the most frequent fetal neck mass in first-trimester ultrasound (US). It consists of fluid-filled posterior or posterolateral cavities in the neck. The overall prognosis is poor…
Clubfoot (Talipes Equinovarus) and Clenched Hands
Abstract Congenital contractures are common in the newborn and can include single location contractures that include clubfeet, hip dislocations, and multiple congenital contractures (MCC). Talipes equinovarus, or clubfoot, is an…
Orbital Defects: Hypertelorism and Hypotelorism
Abstract Orbital defects are rarely diagnosed in the fetus. However, these anomalies are highly associated with chromosomal and nonchromosomal defects. This chapter aims to describe the systematic evaluation of fetal…
Choanal Atresia
Abstract Choanal atresia is a congenital obstruction of the posterior nasal apertures. It is a very rare condition usually associated with syndromes and diagnosed postnatally. Prenatal diagnosis is very difficult,…
Clubfoot (Talipes Equinovarus)
Abstract In this chapter, we review the diagnosis and underlying potential causes for isolated clubfoot (Talipes Equinovarus). Prenatal ultrasound (US) findings in particular are described, along with accompanying images to…
Craniosynostosis
Abstract The fetal cranium is composed of bony plates that are joined together by areas of dense fibrous tissue termed cranial sutures (sagittal, coronal, lambdoid, and metopic). Usually, these sutures…
Caudal Regression Syndrome
Abstract Caudal regression syndrome (CRS), also known as caudal regression sequence, caudal dysplasia, caudal apalasia, femoral hypoplasia, phocomelic diabetic embryopathy, or sacral agenesis, is a spectrum of anomalies involving the…
Spinal Abnormalities and Klippel-Feil Syndrome
Abstract Spinal malformations associated with vertebral segmentation defects and progressive fusions are seen in numerous disorders, particularly those associated with skeletal disorders. Among spinal malformations, one of the best-described constellation…
Abnormal Hands: Focus on the Thumbs
Abstract Anomalies of the hands are often difficult to precisely diagnose. Hand malformations range from subtle deformities such as isolated fifth finger clinodactyly to abnormalities of each phalange, including the…
Acrofacial Dysostosis
Abstract Facial dysotosis can be divided into two types: mandibulofacial dysostoses (MFDs) and acrofacial dysostoses (AFDs). MFDs typically have no limbs defects, while AFDs are associated with limb abnormalities. Treacher…
