The first trimester of pregnancy is a period of tremendous embryonic growth and development. Expectant mothers experience joy and anticipation but also great uncertainty and anxiety because of high failure…
Weakening of the female pelvic floor is a prevalent and debilitating disorder. It results in abnormal descent of the urinary bladder, the uterovaginal vault, and the rectum, resulting in urinary…
A vaginal fistula is a hole in the vagina and an abnormal tract leading to another structure, most commonly the bladder or rectum ( Figure 26-1 ). Vaginal fistulas also…
Essure Tubular Microinserts The Essure microinsert (Conceptus Inc, San Carlos, CA) is a relatively new method for achieving permanent contraception in women. This technique is rapidly gaining favor with patients…
Retained products of conception (POCs) can occur after spontaneous or induced abortion and after delivery. They represent one of the most common reasons for presentation and hospital referral in the…
Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) is a term for an interrelated group of uncommon conditions derived from gestational placental trophoblasts. GTD affects women during their reproductive years. Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN)…
There are numerous causes of infertility. Tubal and uterine causes have been discussed in Chapters 17 and 18, respectively. The ovary may also be the source of infertility. The most…
In this chapter, benign endometrial causes of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) in premenopausal and postmenopausal women will be discussed. Disease Definition AUB in premenopausal women is defined as any bleeding…
Müllerian duct anomalies (MDAs) are a group of congenital uterine disorders that arise from arrest in development, incomplete fusion, or incomplete resorption of the mesonephric ducts. They are uncommon, usually…
Uterine leiomyomas, also known as myomas or fibroids , are common neoplasms of the uterine myometrium. They are benign monoclonal tumors of smooth muscle, with variable amounts of connective tissue….
