Groin Hernia
KEY FACTS Terminology • Hernia: Weakness or defect in fibromuscular wall with protrusion of organ or part of organ through defect Imaging • US accurate at detecting hernia sac and…
Colloid Cyst of Thyroid
KEY FACTS Imaging • Typically, unilocular, thin-walled cyst • Anechoic content with posterior acoustic enhancement • Echogenic foci with comet-tail artifacts are characteristic ○ Represent suspended colloid aggregates • Hemorrhage…
Parathyroid Adenoma
KEY FACTS Imaging • Round or oval, well-circumscribed, solid mass • Typically 1-3 cm in size • Most are hypoechoic to thyroid and homogeneous • Some show cystic degeneration •…
Parovarian Cyst
KEY FACTS Terminology • Cyst originating from wolffian duct in mesosalpinx or broad ligament • Synonym: Paratubal cyst Imaging • Transvaginal ultrasound is study of choice • Round or oval…
Leg Vessels
GROSS ANATOMY Vessels of Leg • Popliteal artery ○ Begins as continuation of superficial femoral artery after it has passed through adductor hiatus (inferior end of adductor canal) ○ Runs…
Peritoneal Carcinomatosis
KEY FACTS Terminology • Peritoneal spread of tumor from epithelial malignancy resulting in peritoneal thickening, omental infiltration, serosal implants, and ascites Imaging • Implants develop where peritoneal fluid collects: Dome…
Chiari 2 Malformation
KEY FACTS Terminology • Hindbrain compression with cerebellar herniation through foramen magnum • Open spina bifida present in almost every case Imaging • Posterior fossa compression is key finding ○…
Carotid Stenosis/Occlusion
KEY FACTS Imaging • Characterization of plaques ○ Uniformly echolucent or predominantly echolucent; fatty or fibrofatty; ↑ risk of embolization ○ Uniformly/mildly echogenic and predominantly echogenic; fibrous; ↓ risk of…
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
KEY FACTS Imaging • Congenital diaphragmatic hernias (CDH) are most commonly left sided (80-90% of cases) through posterior foramen of Bochdalek ○ Stomach usually in chest ○ Deviation of heart…
Epididymitis/Orchitis
KEY FACTS Terminology • Inflammation of epididymis &/or testis Imaging • Grayscale US ○ Epididymis enlarged and hypoechoic ○ Testes mildly heterogeneous • Color Doppler US ○ Diffuse or focal…
