HIV-/AIDS-Related Cholangiopathy
KEY FACTS Terminology • Secondary sclerosing cholangitis usually resulting from opportunistic infection of biliary tract in AIDS patients with CD4 count < 100/mm³ Imaging • Knowledge of HIV/AIDS status is…
Porcelain Gallbladder
KEY FACTS Terminology • Intramural calcification of gallbladder (GB) wall, uncommon manifestation of chronic cholecystitis Imaging • Variable posterior acoustic shadowing dependent on quantity of calcification • Complete: Thick, diffuse…
Budd-Chiari Syndrome
KEY FACTS Terminology • Budd-Chiari syndrome: Hepatic venous outflow obstruction • Global or segmental obstruction of hepatic venous outflow or inferior vena cava (IVC) Imaging • Ultrasound acute phase ○…
Biliary Ductal Dilatation
KEY FACTS Terminology • Biliary ductal dilatation, dilated ducts Imaging • Tubular anechoic fluid-filled structures accompanying portal veins in extrahepatic and intrahepatic segments • Intrahepatic ductal dilatation ○ Dilatation of…
Chronic Cholecystitis
KEY FACTS Terminology • Chronic inflammation of gallbladder (GB) causing wall thickening and fibrosis Imaging • Presence of gallstones in nearly all cases • Diffuse symmetric GB wall thickening without…
Xanthogranulomatous Cholecystitis
KEY FACTS Terminology • Rare inflammatory process causing focal or diffuse destruction of gallbladder (GB) wall with accumulation of lipid-laden macrophages, fibrous tissue, and acute and chronic inflammatory cells Imaging…
Portal Vein Gas
KEY FACTS Terminology • Gas within portal venous system Imaging • Grayscale ultrasound ○ Highly reflective foci in portal venous system – Move along with blood ○ Poorly defined, highly…
Biliary System
TERMINOLOGY Abbreviations • Extrahepatic biliary structures ○ Gallbladder (GB) ○ Cystic duct (CD) ○ Right hepatic (RH) and left hepatic (LH) ducts ○ Common hepatic duct (CHD) ○ Common bile…
Portal Vein Occlusion
KEY FACTS Terminology • Definition: Obstruction of PV due to thrombosis Imaging • Absent blood flow within PV on color or spectral Doppler • Cavernous transformation of PV: Multiple portal…
Liver Transplant Portal Vein Stenosis/Thrombosis
KEY FACTS Imaging • Portal vein stenosis ○ Elevated portal vein velocity > 125 cm/s at anastomosis – Portal vein velocity normally < 60 cm/s ○ Anastomotic:preanastomotic velocity ratio –…
