Arrhythmias
25 INTRODUCTION The prenatal diagnosis of cardiac rhythm abnormalities has been made possible with advancements in ultrasound imaging. M-mode ultrasound in addition to color and pulsed…
CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING
of Systemic and Pulmonary Venous Connections
PULMONARY VENOUSCONNECTIONS INTRODUCTION Anomalies of systemic and pulmonary venous connections can occur as isolated anomalies or as part of simple (atrial septal defect) or complex cardiac malformations…
Cardiomyopathies and Fetal Heart Tumors
AND FETAL HEARTTUMORS 24 DILATED AND HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHIES Cardiomyopathies are diseases of the myocardium affecting the left, the right, or both ventricles and are commonly associated with…
Doppler in Fetal Echocardiography
IN FETALECHOCARDIOGRAPHY 7 INTRODUCTION Color and pulsed Doppler ultrasound was introduced to clinical practice about two decades ago and its clinical application in fetal echocardiography was quickly…
Great Vessels
THE PULMONARY ARTERY The pulmonary artery (main pulmonary artery, pulmonary trunk) arises from the right ventricle in the anterior aspect of the heart. It crosses over…
Heterotaxy, Left Atrial Isomerism, Right Atrial Isomerism, and Situs Inversus
ISOMERISM, RIGHT ATRIALISOMERISM, AND SITUS INVERSUS 22 FETAL HETEROTAXY WITH LEFT ATRIAL ISOMERISM AND RIGHT ATRIAL ISOMERISM Definition, Terminology, and Incidence The embryologic development of abdominal…
Anatomic Landmarks of the Fetal Heart
OF THE FETALHEART FETAL VISCERAL SITUS The first step in the ultrasonographic evaluation of the fetal heart is the assessment of the fetal visceral situs (laterality of…
Devices and Postoperative Appearance
Devices and Postoperative Appearance QUESTIONS 1a A 35-year-old male has a history of syncope. There is no family history of sudden death. The patient is scheduled for a cardiac MRI,…
Congenital Heart Disease
Congenital Heart Disease QUESTIONS 1a A 48-year-old male with heart murmur. What is the most likely underlying condition based on the chest radiographs? A. Aortic stenosis B. Mitral stenosis C….
Acquired Disease of the Thoracic Aorta and Great Vessels
Acquired Disease of the Thoracic Aorta and Great Vessels QUESTIONS 1 What is the most common cause of an ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm? A. Atherosclerosis B. Aortitis C. Marfan syndrome…
