and Gynecologic Disorders
Impending / Inevitable Abortion = ABORTION IN PROGRESS = gestational sac with embryo having become detached from implantation site → spontaneous abortion within next few hours • Clinical triad: (1) bleeding > 7…
GENERAL RADIOLOGY
of Liver, Biliary Tract, Pancreas and Spleen
pancreas divisum + bile duct carcinoma (in adult) Location: 2nd portion of duodenum (85%);1st / 3rd portion of duodenum (15%) • mostly asymptomatic with incidental discovery • neonate : persistent vomiting ← “gastric outlet” obstruction…
and Spine Disorders
Ia extradural arachnoid cystIb sacral meningocele IIextradural meningeal cyst containing neural tissue (= Tarlov cyst) IIIintradural arachnoid cyst Pitfalls of CT myelography / MRI: (1) Nonopacification of noncommunicating arachnoid cyst →…
Diagnosis of Nervous System Disorders
TRIGEMINAL NEUROPATHY • facial pain, numbness, weakness of masticatory muscles, trismus • diminished / absent corneal reflex • abnormal jaw reflex; atrophy of masticatory muscles • decreased pain / touch / temperature sensation • tic…
and Abdominal Disorders
Blunt Trauma to Duodenum √ retroperitoneal hematoma √ stranding of retroperitoneal fatty tissue √ thickening of duodenal wall 1. Duodenal contusion √ edema / hematoma of the duodenal wall √ intramural gas accumulations √ focal duodenal wall…
AND GYNECOLOGY
GA ≥ 2 weeks more advanced sonographically than by clinical estimate (AFP levels rise 15% per week during 16–18-week window) C. MULTIPLE GESTATIONS (14%) D. FETAL DEMISE (7%) / fetal distress /…
and Function of Urogenital Tract
UROGENITAL EMBRYOLOGY Pronephros = forekidney develops from mesoderm during 3rd week of gestation; involutes during 4th week of gestation → vestigial remnant / complete absence Mesonephros = midkidney develops during…
Statistics
TP = test positive in diseased subjects FP = test positive in nondiseased subjects FN = test negative in diseased subjects TN = test negative in nondiseased subjects T+ = abnormal test results T- = normal test results D+ = diseased subjects D- = nondiseased subjects…
Nose, and Throat Disorders
Carotid Duplex Ultrasound Indications for carotid duplex US: (1) Screening for suspected extracranial carotid disease (a) high-grade flow-limiting stenosis (b) low-grade stenosis with hemorrhage (2) Nonhemispheric neurologic symptomatology (3) History of transient ischemic attack /…
Analgesia, Local Anesthesia
SEDATION = administration of medication to calm the nervous system: ⇓ awareness; ⇓ responsiveness to external stimuli; ⇓ anxiety; ⇓ spontaneous movements; may produce amnesia Phases of sedation protocol: 1. Preprocedural assessment…
