Introduction The white matter of the central nervous system (CNS) is made up of myelinated neuronal axons. Myelin is a dielectric material composed in large part of lipids; it allows…

Introduction Nearly 2 million cases of traumatic brain injury (TBI) occur each year. Worldwide, trauma is the leading cause of death and disability in those younger than 45 years, with…

Introduction The first reported in vivo localized proton ( 1 H) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H1-MRS) studies of the human brain were first reported over 20 years ago. Since these early…

Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have become indispensable for diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of intracranial infectious disease, contributing to significant decline in morbidity and mortality of these…

Computed tomography (CT) has grown quickly from an innovative specialized tool to a mainstay of medicine in every healthcare setting. Hospitals, outpatient clinics, and physician offices find CT to be…

Introduction Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Globally an estimated 16.9 million cases of new stroke occurred in 2010, resulting in 5.9 million stroke deaths. In the…

Introduction More than 10,000 spinal cord injuries are diagnosed each year in the United States, with over half involving the cervical spinal cord. Multidetector computed tomography (CT) is recommended by…

It is often clinically difficult to differentiate among the various neurodegenerative disorders such as dementias, hydrocephalus, and movement disorders, and even between pathologic and normal aging. In recent years, more…

Introduction Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is very adept at displaying structural anatomy of the brain in great detail. However, the correlation between anatomy and function is not always clear or…