Abstract Maternal infections with the TORCH viruses (toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus [CMV], and herpes simplex) as well as varicella can develop multiple sequelae depending on the timing of infection and variable…
Abstract Fetal anatomy is three-dimensional, but cross-sections obtained during real-time ultrasound examination are merely an artificial reduction of anatomy. They attempt to capture a standard view or the essence of…
Abstract Fetal and placental magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has grown from a tool for highly targeted examination in selected cases to a feasible and reproducible modality for a number of…
Abstract Palpation has been the standard of care for clinical evaluation of soft tissues until the development of elasticity imaging (EI) in the past two decades. EI is a medical…
Abstract Syphilis remains a significant infectious agent in pregnancy with the potential to cause fetal manifestations with maternal infection. Cases of congenital syphilis infection have recently increased, consistent with a…
Abstract Doppler ultrasound can be used to assess vascular beds in the maternal, fetal, and placental circulation. The vessels most frequently evaluated in clinical practice are the uterine, umbilical and…
Abstract Cystic fibrosis is a single-gene autosomal recessive disorder characterized by chronic airway infection, pancreatic insufficiency, gastrointestinal dysfunction, and male infertility. Cystic fibrosis is caused by a mutation in the…
Abstract Zika virus is a novel mosquito-born virus that causes a broad range of fetal neurologic damage when maternal infection occurs in pregnancy. The effects can be similar to other…
Abstract This chapter reviews basic physics principles behind medical ultrasound (US). Six components are discussed: the stimulus (the US pulse), the object (the human body), the object’s response to the…
Abstract Twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) is a serious condition that complicates roughly 8% to 15% of monochorionic, diamniotic twin pregnancies. Although the pathophysiology of TTTS remains incompletely understood, intertwin vascular…
