Radiology Key

Anatomy and Anatomical Associations Ectopia cordis is a rare but very dramatic congenital malformation in which the heart is located outside of the confines of the chest cavity. The condition…

Key Echocardiographic Features • One great vessel and one semilunar valve arising from the heart. • Origin of the branch pulmonary arteries from the trunk—from a single main pulmonary artery?…

Key Echocardiographic Features • Locate the position of the “echo bright spot” as being solely on the tips of the papillary muscles within the heart. • Search for any additional…

Key Echocardiographic Features • Size and function of the right ventricle in comparison with the left ventricle. • Morphology of the right ventricle (i.e., tripartite?). • Morphology of the pulmonary…

Key Echocardiographic Features • Origin of the great vessels from the right ventricle. • Relationship of the great vessels to each other (aorta is typically to the right of the…

Key Echocardiographic Features • Left ventricle dilation with poor contractility. • Aortic annular hypoplasia, with aortic stenosis or atresia. • Abnormal mitral valve with small annulus, thickened leaflets, stenosis, and…

Key Echocardiographic Features • Size of the pulmonary annulus in comparison with the aortic annulus. • Laminar or turbulent flow across pulmonic valve? • Peak systolic velocity across the pulmonic…

Key Echocardiographic Features • Connection between the pulmonary artery and the aorta above the level of the two semilunar valves. • The window is typically large. • Commonly seen in…

Key Echocardiographic Features • Thickened, doming aortic valve. • Ascending aorta may be dilated in isolated aortic stenosis; however, aortic hypoplasia is common when aortic stenosis is seen in the…

Key Echocardiographic Features • Site of narrowing of the arch • Associated anomalies such as aortic stenosis, subaortic narrowing, left ventricular hypoplasia, or ventricular septal defect • Mitral valve size…