Maxillofacial vascular malformations (MFVMs) are formed due to an error of vascular morphogenesis. They generally grow in proportion to the growth of the affected child but may increase in size…
Different types of malformations share a dilated vein of Galen, but only one of them is a true vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation (VGAM). The optimal window of opportunity for…
The concept of segmental vascular syndromes with different, seemingly unrelated, diseases is based on the embryology of the neural crest and the mesoderm migration of cells that share the same…
Cerebral vasculopathy in sickle cell anemia (HbSS) is manifest clinically as cerebral infarction and intracranial hemorrhage. The type of stroke, ischemic or hemorrhagic, is age specific with distinct differences in…
Recent advances in pediatric neurosurgery have drastically improved the outcome in infants and children afflicted with surgical lesions of the central nervous system (CNS). Because most of these techniques were…
Sinovenous thrombosis in children is rare, and the symptoms and signs are nonspecific especially in the neonatal population. MR imaging seems to be the most sensitive for accurate diagnosis of…
Spinal arteriovenous shunts (SAVSs) are rarely diagnosed in infants and children, but they are important clinically because morbidity can be significant. Although these lesions do not form a distinct pathologic…
Hemangiomas are vascular tumors that enlarge through proliferation of endothelial cells. They are the most common tumors of infancy, appearing in as many as 10% to 12% of children under…
Stroke in children is relatively rare. Advances in the clinical recognition and radiographic diagnosis of ischemic stroke have increased the frequency of the diagnosis in infants and children and have…
Childhood aneurysms have special characteristics different from adults’ aneurysms. Their features were found to significantly differ from aneurysms in adults especially in their gender prevalence, location, morphology and underlying etiology….
