Radiation Proctopathy
Fig. 9.1 Rectal Telangiectasia Density (RTD) grading scale. (The highest grade visualized during endoscopic evaluation with colonic lumen in view represents the RTD grade of the patient). Adapted from Chi…
Acute and Chronic Radiation Enteropathy
Fig. 8.1 Histopathology revealing gastritis with foveolar hyperplasia, vascular ectasia, granulation tissue, and scattered yttrium 90 selective internal radiation microspheres. Risk Factors Some patients have increased susceptibility to radiation enteropathy….
Role of Radiation in Rectal Cancers
Fig. 3.1 Scheme demonstrates conventional neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy regimen. Neoadjuvant chemoradiation regimen including cycles of bolus 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and leucovorin administered every 21 days including during the “resting” period after radiation…
Surgical Management of Radiation-Induced Intestinal Injury
Imaging Endoscopy Plain abdominal films Flexible proctosigmoidoscopy Computed tomography (CT) Colonoscopy Positron emission computerized tomography (PET-CT) Endoscopic transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) – Imaging Plain abdominal films can…
The Role of Radiation Therapy in the Treatment of Malignant Gynecological Tumors
No invasion Inner third Middle third Outer third Grade 1 0/55 5/61 (8 %) (2P, 1V) 0/4 Grade 2 0/17 2/41 (5 %) 1/7 (14 %) (1V) 1/2 (50 %) (1V) Grade 3…
The Management of Radiation Cystitis
Grade 0 1 2 3 4 Early Symptom complex No change Frequency of urination or nocturia twice pretreatment habit/dysuria, urgency not requiring medication Frequency of urination or nocturia that…
Radiation Cystitis: Acute and Chronic
Fig. 7.1 a and b Cystoscopic view of radiation cystitis Normal bladder urothelium consists of several layers of polyhedral (transitional) cells divided into three main layers from surface to base:…
The Role of Radiation in Urological Malignancies
Fig. 2.1 RT fields for a stage I seminoma Fig. 2.2 a Initial RT fields for a stage IIA seminoma. Enlarged PA node in yellow-green. b Boost field for stage…
Effects and Management of Pelvic Radiation on Female Reproductive System: Sexual Dysfunction, Fertility Effects, and Premature Menopause
Hot flashes Vaginal dryness Night sweats Overactive bladder Mood swings Skin changes Headache Hair loss Insomnia Irritability Lack of concentration Weight gain Poor memory Lack of libido Joint pains Depression…
Effects of Radiation Therapy for Rectal Cancer on Anorectal Function
Fig. 10.1 Mechanisms involved in the complex physiopathology of anal incontinence secondary to pelvic irradiation Radiation Proctopathy Acute radiation proctopathy develops during or shortly after a course of radiation therapy….
