Sonographic pattern US features Estimated risk of malignancy, % FNA done for diagnosis size cutoff (largest dimension) High suspicion Solid hypoechoic nodule or solid hypoechoic component of a partially cystic…
Laboratory value Unit Normal reference range Calcium, serum mg/dl 8.3–10.4 Calcium, ionized mg/dl 4.57–5.21 Parathyroid hormone, intact (PTH) pg/ml 12–88 Phosphorus mg/dl 2.5–4.5 Creatinine mg/dl 0.6–1.5 Albumin g/dl 3.4–5.0 24…
Fig. 38.1 Understanding how to use the variety of features on a modern ultrasound machine will optimize imaging ability. A rectangular image is unable to fully encompass the width of…
Fig. 32.1 Laryngeal anatomy on ultrasonography It is important to clarify the orientation of the VC visualization on US versus FL which can be confusing because the right VC is…
Diagnostic category ROM(%)a [6] ROM(%)b [7, 8] Nondiagnostic or unsatisfactory 1–4 11–26 Benign 0–3 4–9 Atypia of undetermined significance or follicular lesion of undetermined significance ~5–15 19–38 Follicular neoplasm or…
Fig. 17.1 Ultrasound images of squamous cell cyst show it is anterior to the strap muscles (a, right upper corner of image). In contrast, the normal thyroid is deep to…
Fig. 7.1 Multiple two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound images produced by sweeping a conventional one-dimensional (1D) ultrasound transducer over an anatomic structure of interest. The 2D images can be reformatted to display…
Fig. 43.1 Early exposure to ultrasound techniques improves understanding of both anatomy and pathophysiology. These ultrasound skills can also be readily transferred to clinical practice during the latter part of…
Fig. 31.1 This is an image depicting the true (TC) and false (FC) vocal cords on transcutaneous laryngeal ultrasound using the ventral approach 31.3 Steps and Tips in Carrying Out…
System TIRADS 2 TIRADS 3 TIRADS 4a TIRADS 4b TIRADS 4c TIRADS 5 Horvath 2009 [9] Pattern “Benign” “Probably benign” “Undetermined” “Suspicious” NA “Consistent with malignancy” Colloid type 1 nodule:…
