Evaluation of Organ Transplants
Introduction Organ transplantation has become the treatment of choice for end-stage renal and liver disease with the exception of cases with diffuse metastatic liver disease or with hepatocellular carcinoma that…
Ultrasound Assessment of the Hepatic Vasculature
Introduction Because chronic liver disease and cirrhosis is the twelfth most common cause of death in the United States, evaluation of the liver and its vasculature is a very common…
Duplex Ultrasound of Native Renal Vasculature
Introduction Duplex and color Doppler ultrasound are utilized to evaluate a number of vascular diseases of the kidneys. The location of the renal vessels and the wide variation in the…
Ultrasound Contrast Agents in Vascular Disease
Introduction Sonography is often the first-line imaging technique for the evaluation of vascular disease, with the various aspects of this modality, including gray-scale, color or power Doppler, contributing to the…
Doppler Ultrasound of the Mesenteric Vasculature
Introduction Color and pulsed Doppler evaluation of the mesenteric arteries is performed to assess for compromise of intestinal blood flow in patients presenting with chronic, unexplained, and atypical abdominal pain….
Duplex Ultrasound Evaluation of the Uterus and Ovaries
Introduction Duplex and color Doppler imaging play an important role in the ultrasound evaluation of the female pelvis. Doppler is indispensable for the workup of many common problems. These techniques…
Correlative Imaging
Overview The current trends in vascular imaging are to increase the reliance on noninvasive approaches, to minimize complications linked to invasive imaging, and to reserve invasive techniques for therapeutic interventions….
Duplex Ultrasound Evaluation of the Male Genitalia
Introduction This chapter has two components: the first reviews the ultrasound assessment of the scrotal contents, and the second describes the role played by ultrasound in the diagnosis of penile…
Ultrasound Assessment of the Abdominal Aorta
Introduction The abdominal aorta is the continuation of the thoracic aorta and the major conduit artery distributing blood to the abdominal organs and then to the lower extremities. Pathologic processes…
Extremity Venous Anatomy and Technique for Ultrasound Examination
Introduction Venous structure and function are different from their arterial counterparts. Although they both transport blood, the veins perform multiple different functions. Their tasks include transporting blood back to the…
