Radiology Key

10.3: Normograms for the urinary tract Gurdarshdeep Singh Madan, Giriraj Singh, Namita Singh 1. Renal Measurement Antenatal Appearance: Kidney should be less echogenic as compared to fetal liver and spleen….

9. HIV-associated nephropathy The various manifestation of HIV infection causing both acute and chronic renal disease is summarized in Fig. 10.12.2.9.1. Fig. 10.12.2.9.1 Table showing causes of HIVAN. Introduction HIV-associated…

Renal replacement lipomatosis (RRL) RRL is a more aggressive form of RSL usually occurring unilaterally. Aetiology There is marked proliferation of fatty tissue within the renal sinus and hilum extending…

8. Renal fungal disease: Includes candidiasis and mucormycosis Introduction Renal fungal infections are rare, usually seen in immunocompromised patients and have increased mortality and morbidity. Many genitourinary fungal infections are…

10. Opportunistic renal infections in HIV AIDS is an immunocompromised state and affected individuals are more prone for infections. The clinical course of AIDS is characterized by recurrent infections by…

10.5: Embryology of the urinary tract Amit Kumar Kamble, Abhinav Ranwaka Introduction The urinary system has a complex embryological development, and the function is performed by multiple different embryonic structures…

9.23: Abdominal trauma Anirudh Kohli Introduction Blunt abdominal trauma resulting from sudden deceleration or direct impact remains one of the commoner causes of death and disability in young/middle-aged adults. Severe…