Doppler Sonography of the Pancreas
Fig. 8.1 (a) A 15-year-old girl with symptoms of angina abdominalis. US investigation 3 years after resection and radiation of a rhabdomyosarcoma in the retroperitoneum between the coeliac trunk and…
CDI of the Ovaries
Fig. 12.1 The normal ovarian blood supply. (a) Vascular supply of the ovary by the ascending branch of the uterine artery, the adnexal and tubal branches of the uterine artery…
Droplets, Bubbles and Ultrasound Interactions
Fig. 9.1 PFC-in-water, PFC-in-oil-in-water and oil-in-PFC-in-water emulsions under the microscope PFC liquids are known for their use in medicine due to their biocompatibility and inertness (Biro et al. 1987). PFC…
Stimulation of Bone Repair with Ultrasound
particle velocity v and acoustic pressure P is: (21.1) The intensity is proportional to the square of the acoustic pressure: (21.2)where |p r |2 is the absolute acoustic peak rarefractional…
Sonothrombolysis
Fig. 19.1 Microbubble tunneling though a fibrin clot (fluid-clot boundary at left) caused by acoustic radiation force (1 MHz, 0.4 MPa). The blurred, dark line is a motion artifact from…
Focused Ultrasound and Lithotripsy
Fig. 7.1 Schematic of a typical shock wave pulse used in SWL. High pressure, which exceeds 40 MPa, is followed by a long tail of negative pressure. The repeated positive…
Drug-Loaded Perfluorocarbon Nanodroplets for Ultrasound-Mediated Drug Delivery
Fig. 13.1 Schematic representation of the EPR effect. Nanoparticles cannot cross tight junctions in normal tissues, but extravasate into tumor tissue through large inter-endothelial gaps in the defective tumor microvasculature…
Bubble-Assisted Ultrasound: Application in Immunotherapy and Vaccination
Fig. 14.1 Immunotherapy and vaccination Among the delivery methods tested, the combination of high frequency ultrasound (1–10 MHz) and gas bubbles (e.g., microbubble, nanobubble, liposomal bubble) was introduced as a…
Co-administration of Microbubbles and Drugs in Ultrasound-Assisted Drug Delivery: Comparison with Drug-Carrying Particles
Fig. 12.1 Ultrasound-assisted opening of blood-brain barrier in a rat model. One megahertz focused ultrasound (IGT, 1 Hz, 20 ms pulses, 1–2 min) treatment of rat brain following intravenous administration…
Sonoporation: Concept and Mechanisms
Fig. 10.1 Pictographic essay of sonoporation for drug and gene delivery (Adapted from Servier Medical Art, www.servier.fr) The first experiments on sonoporation date back to the 1980s, where various ultrasound…
