Doppler Sonography in Early Pregnancy
Fig. 12.1 Fetal circulatory pathways showing the three shunts, ductus arteriosus (DA), ductus venosus (DV), and the foramen ovale (FO). The via sinistra (red) directs blood from the umbilical vein…
Sonography of Pelvic Masses Associated with Early Pregnancy
Fig. 21.1 Subserosal fibroid. Transvaginal grayscale transverse image of the uterus demonstrates a round heterogeneous mass, measuring 0.51 cm wide (+), projecting beyond the contour of the uterus. The gestational…
Fetal Biometry in Early Pregnancy
Mean sac diameter (mm) Predicted age range (weeks) = 95 % CI 2 5.0 (4.5–5.5) 3 5.1 (4.6–5.6) 4 5.2 (4.8–5.7) 5 5.4 (4.9–5.8) 6 5.5 (5.0–6.0) 7 5.6 (5.1–6.1) 9 5.9…
First-Trimester Ultrasound in Gestational Trophoblastic Disease
Fig. 18.1 Complete hydatidiform mole with classic diffuse vesicular changes. Figure provided by Dr. Carol B. Benson, Director of Ultrasound, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Professor of…
The Fetal Heart in Early Pregnancy
Indication Association with cardiac defects (%) Other structural anomalies [103] 21 Increased nuchal translucency [104] 7 Tricuspid regurgitation [47] 5.1 Previous history of CHD [37] 8.7 Abnormal ductus venosus [105]…
Threshold, Discriminatory Zone, and “The New Rules”
Fig. 10.1 Early gestational sac with hCG = 420 mIU/mL Discriminatory Value The discriminatory value is that level of hCG above which all normal intrauterine pregnancies should be seen. An early study,…
Ultrasound in the First Trimester and Earlier: How to Keep It Safe
Ultrasound clinical application 1976 1986 1991 Ophthalmic 17 17 50 Fetal, neonatal, pediatric imaging 46 94 720 Cardiac (adult) 430 430 720 Peripheral vascular 720 720 720 aAdapted from various…
Maternal Comorbidities and First-Trimester Ultrasound Examination
1. Confirmation of the presence of an intrauterine pregnancy 2. Evaluation of a suspected ectopic pregnancy 3. Defining the cause of vaginal bleeding 4. Evaluation of pelvic pain 5. Estimation…
First-Trimester Ultrasound: Guidelines
Confirmation of the presence of an intrauterine pregnancy Evaluation of a suspected ectopic pregnancy Defining the cause of vaginal bleeding Evaluation of pelvic pain Estimation of gestational (menstrual) age Diagnosis…
Three-Dimensional Ultrasound: A Role in Early Pregnancy?
Organ/anatomical area Present and/or normal? Head Present Cranial bones Midline falx Choroid-plexus-filled ventricles Neck Normal appearance Nuchal translucency thickness (if accepted after informed consent and trained/certified operator available)b Face Eyes…
