Fig. 1 Example of syndesmophyte growth from baseline (BL) to year 1 (Y1) visible on CT reformations but not on radiographs To overcome the limitations of radiographic methods, we designed a…
be m (m = 39) members of the aligned training surface models. Each member is described by a vector Xi with N (N = 5000) vertices: (1) A PDM was then obtained by applying…
and 3D points . The rigid transformations describe the relative position and orientation of each sub-model, and the points describe the local shape in the coordinate system associated with the…
Fig. 1 Examples of lytic and sclerotic metastases in the spine. First row lytic metastases. Second row sclerotic metastases 2 Background of Computer Aided Detection Detection of spinal metastases on CT…
Fig. 1 Localization and labeling of a sagittal lumbar T2-weighted MRI. Lumbar area is the second area to the last of the vertebral column. It is the main part of the…
Optical tracking Electromagnetic tracking Advantages • Accuracy ~1–0.1 mm • Does not depend on objects in its environment • Large range (several meters) • Wireless position markers • Can track without…
Fig. 1 Illustration of beamline passage through multiple tissue layers and resultant superposed anatomic structures. Images from a radiographic series of the lumbar spine a frontal view, b lateral view, c…
Fig. 1 On the left and middle panels, bi-planar radiographs are shown. Radiographs are sometimes used in planning spine surgeries with complex patient morphology. On the right, an axial image from…
Fig. 1 Trabecular bone specimens of T10 from a normal (a) and an osteoporotic (b) subject. 3D reconstructions of micro-CT scans with a spatial resolution of 26 µm³. Note the bone loss…
Fig. 1 Plain radiograph of a normal lumbar spine and of lumbar spondylosis. a Lateral view of a normal lumbar spine. b Anteroposterior view of a normal lumbar spine. c Lateral…
