Arterial phase: Early peripheral, nodular or globular, discontinuous enhancement • Small hemangiomas (capillary): < 2 cm Arterial and venous phases: Homogeneous enhancement (flash-filling) • Typical hemangiomas: 2-10 cm in diameter Venous phase:…
“Macrocystic” pattern: Few (< 6) macrocystic locules, which are relatively large (> 2 cm) Usually of simple fluid attenuation, but may be mildly hyperdense due to hemorrhage or protein Frequent…
Hypodense or isodense to normal liver • Delayed scans Mass: Isodense to normal liver Central scar: Hyperdense or hyperintense (due to fibrous tissue) • Gadoxetate-enhanced MR Most specific test to diagnose FNH…
Periportal fibrotic bands and widened fissures Capsular calcification (parallel or perpendicular to liver surface) • Portal hypertension in advanced disease Splenomegaly and varices • US: Bull’s-eye lesion: Represents anechoic portal vein surrounded…
Diffuse infiltration and low density on NECT Multiple well-defined, homogeneous, low-density (CECT) or high-intensity (T2WI) masses • Liver metastases Hypovascular metastases: Low-density center with peripheral rim or target-like enhancement Hypervascular metastases:…
Mucosal hyperenhancement, marked submucosal edema, ascites Multiple air-fluid levels, inflamed pericolonic fat • Ultrasound findings Symmetric wall thickening and submucosal echogenicity Increased mural flow on color Doppler • Fluoroscopic findings Used less…
Simple hepatic or bile duct cyst • Often multiple: Usually < 10 When > 10, consider autosomal dominant polycystic liver disease (ADPLD) or biliary hamartomas • Sharply defined margins, thin walls • Water…
Large, unilocular/multilocular, well-defined, hypodense cysts Contains multiple internal “daughter” cysts of lower density than “mother” cyst (exocyst) Curvilinear ring-like calcification of pericyst (wall) Calcified wall: Usually indicates no active infection…
Pericholecystic free fluid, intraluminal or pericholecystic hematoma, or GB wall thickening Poor definition of GB wall, abnormal GB contour, or collapsed GB, particularly with surrounding pericholecystic fluid, suggest GB perforation…
GE junction (at B ring) will be above diaphragm; intact wrap around proximal stomach (neoesophagus) will be below diaphragm IMAGING • Preoperative: Identify “short esophagus,” hiatal hernia, and dysmotility • Wrap complications…
