Lung Ultrasound in Respiratory Failure and Pneumonia
Fig. 9.1 A low frequency probe is normally used for depth imaging but has less resolution compared to a high frequency probe. High frequency probes are optimal for imaging relatively…
Ultrasound Evaluation of Shock and Volume Status in the Intensive Care Unit
Fig. 4.1 Algorithm for ultrasound assessment of undifferentiated shock, modified from the RUSH protocol. The algorithm begins with critical care echocardiography, with subsequent focused exams as described in the chapter…
Critical Care Ultrasound Education
Fig. 2.1 Proposed levels of competence of echocardiography in ICU. TTE transthoracic echocardiography, TEE transesophageal echocardiography, ALS advanced life support, FEEL focused echocardiographic evaluation in life support, FATE focused assessment…
Image Analysis
Fig. 3.1 Muscle fiber anatomy: cross-sectional illustration Muscles have an origin, a belly, and an insertion. The origin and insertion attachment sites can be multiple including bones, cartilage, ligaments, and…
Inflammatory Arthritides
Fig. 5.1 The development of erosive disease and synovitis in rheumatoid arthritis The advent of new treatments for RA (termed “biologics”) in the late 1990s along with a more intensive…
Spondyloarthropathy
Fig. 6.1 Normal anatomy of the sacroiliac joint, (a) anterior and (b) posterior ligaments of the sacrum and sacroiliac joint, (c) axial through right sacroiliac joint demonstrating normal interdigitations of…
Introduction to Imaging
Fig. 1.1 Illustration X-ray production X-rays are attenuated as they pass through the human body; in general the denser the material, the greater the attenuation. The attenuated beam emerges from…
Spine
Mechanical Degenerative disc Degenerative joint disease Vertebral fracture Spondylosis Muscle strain Neurogenic Herniated disc Spinal stenosis Rheumatologic Inflammatory spondylitis DISH Fibromyalgia Neoplastic/infiltrative Benign/Malignant, metastatic Infection Spondylodiscitis Osteomyelitis Referred visceral pain…
Metabolic Bone Disease
Endocrine disease (hyperparathyroidism, Cushing’s disease, hyperthyroidism, hypogonadism) Chronic renal failure (secondary hyperparathyroidism, osteomalacia, adynamic bone disease) Gastrointestinal disease (malabsorption syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, post-gastric bypass) Rheumatologic disease (rheumatoid arthritis, systemic…
Endocrine and Miscellaneous Arthropathies
Fig. 9.1 A 50-year-old male with CRF on long-term hemodialysis with right ankle swelling secondary to amyloid arthropathy. (a) AP, (b) mortise view, and (c) lateral radiographs demonstrate well-defined erosions…
