Introduction For both primary and metastatic brain tumors, radiation therapy (RT) remains one of the standard treatment modalities. Although RT techniques using photons have greatly improved in recent decades, substantial…
Introduction In radiation oncology, “clinical commissioning,” or simply “commissioning,” refers to the process that takes place after a machine has passed acceptance tests but before the first patient can be…
Introduction Intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) can begin only after a number of other processes have been completed, including simulation and treatment planning. For both proton and photon treatments, radiation oncology…
Introduction Intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) using pencil beam scanning (PBS) technology is advancing rapidly for delivering precise and more conformal doses to target volumes while sparing surrounding normal and critical…
Introduction The potential of physical characteristics of protons for cancer treatments was first recognized by Wilson in 1946. During the following four decades or so, proton accelerators at various physics…
Introduction Radiotherapy is used as one of the major treatment modalities for patients with malignant diseases at different disease stages. Currently, the most common radiation choice for the majority of…
10 Foreign Bodies Tim B. Hunter and Mihra S. Taljanovic Introduction Foreign bodies are uncommon, but they are important and interesting. Sometimes, they may provide a great deal of low-brow…
4 Joint Arthroplasty Tim B. Hunter Introduction The most frequent orthopedic procedures are everyday fracture reductions, immobilizations, and fixations. The next most important and frequently performed orthopedic procedures are joint…
8 Orthopedic Medical Devices and Cross-sectional Imaging Protocols and Artifacts David Melville Introduction Post-surgical evaluation of bone and joints is critical to guiding clinical care following trauma and joint replacement,…
6 Medical Devices of the Neck and Spine Tim B. Hunter and Mihra S. Taljanovic Introduction A large variety of medical apparatus is used in the treatment of spinal disease…
