Coronary Artery Disease The definition of coronary artery disease is not uniform. Often any atherosclerotic plaque that is present in the coronary system, even if completely asymptomatic, will be labeled…
Normal Anatomy The main pulmonary artery arises from the right ventricle at the level of the pulmonic valve and travels approximately 5 cm before bifurcating into the left and right…
Shortly after the development of computed tomography (CT) in the early 1970s, great interest was expressed in applying this technology to imaging of the heart. In fact, less than a…
Stent Grafts Zenith Endograft The Zenith endograft (Cook Medical, Inc., Bloomington, Ind) was released in 2003 ( Fig. 19-1 ). This Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved woven polyester device, which…
The bronchial arteries represent approximately 1% of the blood supply to the lungs and do not participate in gas exchange. They provide systemic blood supply to the airways, esophagus, posterior…
Normal Anatomy The sinuses of Valsalva are three adjacent dilatations or pouches of the aorta that have a cloverleaf configuration and lie above the level of the aortic valve but…
Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. Surgical revascularization for coronary artery disease (CAD) with coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is the recommended…
The term nonischemic cardiomyopathy refers to a heterogeneous group of disorders that ultimately lead to impaired cardiac performance, either from decreased function or from abnormal conduction. Although the diseases are…
Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States and Europe. Advances in therapy have resulted in improved survival of patients suffering from acute myocardial infarction…
The scope of clinically relevant myocardial ischemic disease renders it one of the most important problems facing modern medicine. Risk stratification, diagnosis, management, and monitoring of patients with suspected or…
