Abstract Cordocentesis, or percutaneous umbilical blood sampling, is a procedure that can be used for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The most common indications are isoimmunization and nonimmune hydrops; less…
Abstract Umbilical vein varix (UVV) is a rare, idiopathic, focal dilatation of the umbilical vein, either within the intraamniotic portion of the umbilical cord or within the fetal abdomen. On…
Abstract Placenta previa is present in approximately 5 in 1000 pregnancies at the time of delivery, with a higher prevalence noted at midgestation. The diagnosis is made by ultrasound, and…
Abstract Amniocentesis is a procedure in which a needle is used to transabdominally withdraw amniotic fluid from the amniotic sac. Amniocentesis is most commonly indicated for prenatal diagnosis and for…
Abstract Vasa previa occurs when the umbilical vessels course through the membranes within the lower uterine segment over the internal cervical os. There are several known risk factor, including a…
Abstract Macrosomia describes a fetus or neonate with excessive growth. Many factors can influence why macrosomia occurs. Regardless of the etiology, this condition represents increased risk to the mother and…
Abstract Limb–body wall complex (LBWC) refers to a combination of multiple malformations involving the craniofacial structures, thoracoabdominal wall, extremities, and spine. The classic clinical triad of LBWC includes a craniofacial…
Abstract Gestational trophoblastic disease refers to a spectrum of disorders that results from abnormal proliferation of the trophoblastic epithelium. These include premalignant disorders (hydatidiform moles) and malignant ones (persistent/invasive gestational…
Abstract Placenta circumvallate refers to a placental abnormality in which the membranous chorion transitions to a villous chorion in from the placental edges. The prevalence varies due to a lack…
