Herpesviruses are one of the most common groups of pathogens causing central nervous system infections in humans. They mostly cause encephalitis, meningitis, or myelitis in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. Children,…
Encephalitis is an acute infection of brain parenchyma characterized clinically by fever, headache, and an altered level of consciousness. In the twenty-first century several outbreaks of encephalitis have been reported….
Many viral infections can involve the central nervous systems (CNS) of fetuses, neonates, infants, and children. The pathogenesis, patterns of CNS involvement, and species of viral infection may differ in…
Infections caused by enteroviruses, rabies, adenoviruses, and Nipah and Hanta viruses are discussed. Several studies defined the pattern of MR imaging findings in these disease processes that reflect parenchymal infiltration…
Many viral infections of the nervous system cause stereotyped pathologic features and overlapping clinical and imaging features. Neuroimaging usually offers neuroanatomical localization of the pathology, degree of involvement of the…
Diagnosis of CNS viral infections is challenging; yet, significant progress in laboratory diagnosis of CNS infections has come through applications of serology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to CSF and…
Imaging of the vestibulocochlear nerve has evolved dramatically over the past few decades. The imaging specialist now is involved in the diagnosis of far more diagnostic entities than ever before….
Horner’s syndrome (HS) occurs when there is interruption of the oculosympathetic pathway (OSP). This article reviews the anatomy of the OSP and clinical findings associated with lesions located at various…
The glossopharyngeal, vagus, spinal accessory, and hypoglossal cranial nerves can be affected by an acute or chronic process that has an impact on the way the patient presents clinically. Knowledge…
A good examination in facial nerve imaging (CT or MR imaging) depends on a good knowledge of anatomy. Two clinical situations must be considered: imaging of patients with or without…
