Parathyroid Imaging
The most common indication for parathyroid imaging is hyperparathyroidism, which is caused by a solitary parathyroid adenoma in most patients. The primary function of parathyroid imaging is localization of the…
Extrathyroidal Manifestations of Thyroid Disease: Thyroid Ophthalmopathy
Thyroid ophthalmopathy is a common autoimmune, inflammatory disease involving the orbit. Diagnosis is based on the clinical presentation and findings. Imaging, mainly CT and MR imaging, are helpful to reveal…
Parathyroid Surgery: What the Radiologists Need to Know
Hyperparathyroidism represents by a varied spectrum of presentations, from those individuals who have overt symptoms directly attributable to hypercalcemia to those who are asymptomatic at diagnosis. Indications for surgical intervention…
Sonographic Imaging of Cervical Lymph Nodes in Patients with Thyroid Cancer
Sonography plays an important role in the evaluation of patients who have thyroid carcinoma by identifying metastatic disease to the regional cervical lymph nodes. The sonographic appearance of lymph node…
Radioiodine Imaging and Treatment in Thyroid Disorders
The thyroid produces thyroid hormones that regulate metabolism and are essential to proper development and differentiation of the cells in the body. Iodine is an essential element in thyroid hormone…
Surgical Management of Recurrent Thyroid Cancer
While well-differentiated thyroid cancer is generally thought to be a treatable cancer with excellent outcomes, some patients suffer from recurrent disease. Risk factors for recurrent disease include primary disease greater…
Surgical Approaches in Thyroid Cancer: What the Radiologist Needs to Know
This article discusses the broad topic of thyroid cancer, with a focus on giving the reader an understanding of the basis for surgical decision making. The reader will gain an…
Cross-Sectional Imaging of the Thyroid Gland
Directed imaging is useful in assessing the thyroid gland. Nuclear scintigraphy reveals functional information about the thyroid gland, while cross-sectional imaging, including ultrasound, CT, and MR imaging provide important adjunctive…
The Clinical Epidemiology of Multiple Sclerosis
A comprehensive knowledge of the natural course and prognosis of multiple sclerosis is of utmost importance for a physician to make it affordable in simple descriptive terms to a patient…
Variants of Multiple Sclerosis
The classic multiple sclerosis variants including Devic’s neuromyelitis optica (NMO), Balo’s concentric Sclerosis, Schilder’s disease, and Marburg MS are both interesting and instructive from a disease pathophysiology perspective. Although rare,…
