Intracranial Endovascular Balloon Test Occlusion
Abrupt interruption of the internal carotid artery without a balloon test occlusion (BTO) carries a 26% risk of cerebral infarction. BTO is a test used to decrease this risk by…
Endovascular Treatment of Cerebral Dural and Pial Arteriovenous Fistulas
Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) are arteriovenous shunts from a dural arterial supply to a dural venous channel, typically supplied by pachymeningeal arteries and located near a major venous sinus. Pial…
Spontaneous Cervical and Cerebral Arterial Dissections
Arterial dissections of head and neck arteries were first identified pathologically in the 1950s, but not until the 1970s and the 1980s did they begin to be widely recognized as…
Endovascular Treatment of Carotid Occlusive Disease
Carotid occlusive disease is one of several etiologic factors for stroke. Of all strokes, an estimated 88% are ischemic in nature. Less than 20% of these are caused by atheroma…
Endovascular Treatment of Intracranial Atherosclerotic Disease
Stroke is the third leading cause of death in the United States. Intracranial atherosclerotic disease plays a role in cerebrovascular accidents, with well-characterized modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors. Surgical bypass…
Endovascular Treatment of Cerebral Vasospasm
Cerebral vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a delayed, reversible narrowing of the intracranial vasculature that occurs most commonly 4 to 14 days after aneurysmal SAH and can lead…
Endovascular Methods for the Treatment of Intracranial Cerebral Aneurysms
This article briefly discusses the clinical features, natural history, and epidemiology of intracranial cerebral aneurysms, along with current diagnostic imaging techniques for their detection. The main focus is on the…
Peripheral Nerve Surgery
Peripheral nerve surgery represents a broad field of pathologic conditions, medical specialties, and anatomic regions of the body. Anatomic understanding of hierarchical nerve structure and the peripheral nervous system aids…
Magnetic Resonance Neurography
Magnetic resonance (MR) neurography has progressed in the past 2 decades because of rapid technological developments in both hardware and software. In addition to improvements in high-resolution anatomic pulse sequences,…
High-Resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Lower Extremity Nerves
Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the nerves, commonly known as MR neurography is increasingly being used as noninvasive means of diagnosing peripheral nerve disease. High-resolution imaging protocols aimed at imaging…
