Hyperparathyroidism Pathophysiology Hyperparathyroidism, also known as generalized osteitis fibrosa cystica or Recklinghausen disease of bone, is the result of overactivity of the parathormone-producing parathyroid glands. Increased production of this hormone…
Imaging Techniques in Orthopedics Choice of Imaging Modality In this chapter, the principles and limitations of current imaging techniques are described. Understanding the basis of the imaging modalities available to…
Bone Formation and Growth The skeleton is made of cortical and cancellous bones, which are highly specialized forms of connective tissue. Each type of bony tissue has the same basic…
The Role of the Orthopedic Radiologist Spectacular progress has been made and continues to be made in the field of radiologic imaging. The introduction and constant improvements of new imaging…
Obstetric Ultrasound–Second and Third Trimester US is widely used in the evaluation of pregnancy with more than 70% of all pregnancies in the United States undergoing sonographic evaluation [1]. Indications…
Abdomen Ultrasound Imaging Technique The abdomen is examined with sector or curved array transducers using frequencies of 5.0 to 2.25 MHz. The highest frequency that allows adequate penetration is used…
Vascular Ultrasound Vascular US is based upon the use of the Doppler effect first described in 1842 by the Austrian mathematician Johann Christian Doppler. As applied to diagnostic US, the…
Chest Ultrasound Sonography is complementary to chest radiography and CT in the evaluation of pathologic processes in the thorax. US commonly reveals abnormalities not shown by other imaging methods (Fig….
Female Pelvis Ultrasound Sonography plays the primary role in imaging of the female pelvis. CT and MR are supplemental techniques used when the US examination is equivocal and in the…
Prostate and Seminal Vesicle Ultrasound The initial enthusiasm for transrectal US (TRUS) imaging of the prostate to screen for and stage prostate cancer has dimmed considerably. Currently, in most practices,…
