Georgeta Mihai, PhD This chapter is intended to give the reader a basic introduction to the physical principles of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). The essential physics of signal generation and…
FIGURE 5-1 Electrocardiography showed sinus rhythm, low voltage, and left-axis deviation. Based on his presenting symptoms he underwent a TTE, with the notation of poor image quality but grossly normal…
Rine Nakanishi, MD, PhDTroy Labounty, MD INTRODUCTION Rapid improvements in cardiac computed tomography (CT) technologies have resulted in the ability to acquire high-quality images of the moving heart and coronary…
INCIDENCE, RISK FACTORS,AND PREVENTION 1 INCIDENCE OF CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common severe congenital abnormality (1). Half of the cases of…
IN EARLY GESTATION INTRODUCTION The prenatal diagnosis of cardiac malformations has been traditionally limited to the mid-second and third trimesters of pregnancy. The first description of a…
5 THE RIGHT ATRIUM The right atrium is located anteriorly and to the right of the left atrium. The posterior portion of the right atrium (sinus…
HYPOPLASTIC LEFT HEARTSYNDROME AORTIC STENOSIS AND CRITICAL AORTIC STENOSIS Definition, Spectrum of Disease, and Incidence Aortic stenosis is defined as narrowing at the level of the…
FOR CONGENITALHEART DISEASE 3 INTRODUCTION Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common congenital abnormality in the human fetus, and it accounts for more than half of…
PULMONARY ATRESIA WITHVENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT,AND ABSENT PULMONARYVALVE SYNDROME TETRALOGY OF FALLOT Definition, Spectrum of Disease, and Incidence Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is characterized by a subaortic…
