Urinary Tract Trauma Trauma may be categorized as blunt, penetrating, or iatrogenic. In many patients, especially those with blunt trauma, the severity of injury is difficult to judge from the…

Diseases of the Uterus This chapter deals with the imaging of the most common gynecologic conditions. Congenital anomalies of the female genital tract are included in Chapter 2. Obstetrical imaging…

Urethra and Penis ▪ NORMAL MALE URETHRA Although the normal anatomy of the male urethra has been described in Chapter 1, a brief review of urethral anatomy as defined by…

Ovaries ▪ PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a common affliction. In North America, it is usually caused by sexually transmitted neisseria gonorrheae or chlamydia trachomatis. Risk factors…

Scrotum and Contents The most commonly used examination to detect and characterize scrotal and intrascrotal anatomy (Fig. 20.1) and pathology, especially in patients with acute scrotal pain or swelling, is…

Prostate and Seminal Vesicles ▪ PROSTATE Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy The term benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) refers to hyperplasia of the glands in the transitional zone, superior to the verumontanum. Etiology…

Renal Transplantation Renal transplantation is the most desirable treatment for patients with end-stage renal disease; it usually permits homeostasis and a quality of life superior to that achievable by dialysis….

Vascular Diseases ▪ ANATOMY Arterial The renal arteries branch from the aorta near the level of the L-1 to L-2 interspace. The right renal artery usually arises from the lateral…

Nephrocalcinosis and Nephrolithiasis Intrarenal calcifications may lie in the renal parenchyma (nephrocalcinosis) or collecting system (nephrolithiasis). Dystrophic calcification is calcification of abnormal tissue such as tumors, cyst walls, inflammatory masses,…

Renal Failure ▪ RENAL FAILURE There is no clearly defined set of biochemical or clinical criteria that characterize renal failure. Most authors use this term to describe a patient whose…