Intracoronary Imaging for Plaque Characterization
Fig. 10.1 Patterns of coronary calcification by IVUS. Calcification is defined as superficial (a) or deep (b) when the leading edge of the attenuated signal is within the shallowest or…
INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY
Pathophysiology of Coronary Artery Disease
Typical angina 1. Substernal chest discomfort with a characteristic quality and duration 2. Worse with exertion or emotional stress 3. Relieved by rest or nitroglycerin Atypical angina: meets two of…
Basic Coronary Artery Anatomy and Histology
Fig. 1.1 Figure displaying normal ostia of the left and right coronary arteries arising from the left and right coronary cusps, respectively. Notice the ostia arise between the margin of…
Imaging of Coronary Artery Anomalies
Fig. 5.1 Distribution of causes of sudden death in 1,435 young athletes (From Maron [55] with permission) Normal Coronary Anatomy A fundamental issue in the definition of coronary anomalies lies…
Intracoronary Imaging for PCI Planning and Stent Optimization
Reference vessel diameter (mm) MLA (mm2) Sensitivity (%) Specificity (%) IVUS <3.0 <2.4 63 67 3.0–3.5 <2.7 58 75 >3.5 <3.6 57 71 OCT ≥3.0 1.95 82 63 <3.0 1.62…
Coronary Flow Resistance and Reserve
Fig. 6.1 Pressure, resistance, and response to metabolites of epicardial coronary arteries, arterioles, and the microvasculature (From Camici and Crea [2] with permission) (a) Resistance arteries (100–400 μm) (pre-arterioles): these…
Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Rakesh C. Navuluri • Brian Funaki Approximately 100,000 cases of upper gastrointestinal bleeding require inpatient admission annually in the United States. When medical management and endoscopic therapy are inadequate, endovascular…
Hemoptysis
Miguel A. De Gregorio • Alicia Laborda Massive hemoptysis, also known as life-threatening hemoptysis, is a serious, critical condition that necessitates urgent assessment and treatment of the patient. Despite advances…
Varicocele
Raj Ayyagari • Jeffrey S. Pollak BACKGROUND Pathophysiology By far the most common genitourinary venous pathologic entity that lends itself to embolization therapy is the varicocele, an abnormal and often…
Hepatopancreatic Disease
Ricardo Yamada • Christopher Hannegan • J. Bayne Selby • Marcelo Guimaraes Cellular therapy has been used since late 1950s, when transplantation of hematopoietic cells was performed by E. Donnall…
