Multiple Sclerosis and Related Diseases
Clinical presentation (attacks) Objective clinical lesions Additional criteria needed 2 or more 2 or more None; clinical evidence for multiple sclerosis will suffice 2 or more 1 Dissemination in space…
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
Diseases of the Peripheral Nervous System
Diseases of the peripheral nervous system are the most common neurologic disorders. The basic diagnostic workup of neuromuscular diseases and peripheral neuropathies relies on the clinical examination supplemented by electrophysiologic…
Brain Tumors
Brain Tumors O. Jansen and A. C. Rohr 3.1 Introduction Various criteria can be used in the classification of intracranial tumors. It is common, for example, to classify brain tumors by…
Teaching Atlas of Instructional and Interesting Cases
Case 1: PI-RADS 2 Lesion Corresponding to High-Grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia 12.1.1 History A 58-year-old man with a rising PSA level (4.1 ng/mL) and no prior prostate biopsy ( ▶ Fig….
Prostate Cancer Staging and Surgical Planning
American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) clinical TNM staging classification of prostate cancer. Stage definition Primary tumor (T) clinical Tx Primary tumor cannot be assessed T0 No evidence of primary…
Post-Treatment Follow-Up and Assessment for Recurrence
Clinical Background on Prostate Cancer Recurrence Radical prostatectomy (RP) remains the most common primary treatment for primary localized prostate cancer (PCa) and offers definitive cure in most patients. Primary whole…
Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI of the Prostate
What is Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI? Angiogenesis is a key step for cancer growth and is characterized by blood vessel proliferation that is induced in response to high needs for oxygen…
Introduction to Prostate MRI Protocols: Hardware, T2-Weighted Imaging and MR Spectroscopy
Hardware Requirements 3.2.1 Field Strength Though initially established at 1.5 T, 1 mpMRI of the prostate is increasingly performed at 3.0 T in both clinical and research settings. 2, 3 The…
Diffusion-Weighted Imaging of the Prostate
Technical Aspects Conventional MRI is based on the 1H signal from water (1H2O). Water molecules of the body have constant random brownian motion, a property that is explored by DWI….
Prebiopsy MRI and MRI-Targeted Biopsy
Prebiopsy Planning The large majority of prostate cancer cases are multifocal, comprising numerous tumor foci within the gland. Nevertheless, prostate cancer may be regarded as a biologically unifocal disease, in…
