Traumatic Muscle Injuries
Key Facts • Muscle is a dynamic tissue that can be subject to direct and indirect traumatic injuries. • Type 1 muscle fibers contain more numerous mitochondria, enabling longer, sustained…
MUSCULOSKELETAL IMAGING
Entrapment Syndromes
Key Facts • Peripheral nerves are vulnerable to compression at sites of fibrous and fibroosseous tunnels. • Early diagnosis is important because early nerve injuries may be reversible, whereas late…
Degenerative Disorders of the Spine
Key Facts • Specific terminology, available on the Internet, has been developed based on anatomy and pathology to describe lumbar spine disorders. • Bony excrescences from the vertebrae have subtle…
Stress Injuries to Bone
Key Facts • Characteristics of fatigue fractures include: (1) the activity is new or different for the individual; (2) it is strenuous; and (3) the activity is repeated with a…
Arthrography and Injection Procedures
Key Facts • Intraarticular contrast injection under image guidance can be combined with radiography to evaluate intraarticular structures or with computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to provide…
Imaging Findings of Drug-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders
Key Facts • Osteoporosis, osteomalacia, osteosclerosis, hyperostosis, and osteonecrosis may be related to drug effects. • Methotrexate osteopathy is characterized by bone pain, osteoporosis, and insufficiency fractures. • Antiepileptic drugs…
Imaging Arthropathies Associated with Malignant Disorders
Key Points • Secondary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (HOA) is most often due to malignancies, especially non-small cell lung cancer. • HOA may be due to nonpulmonary conditions. • Bone scan findings…
Infarction and Osteonecrosis
Key Facts • The terms osteonecrosis (ON) and avascular necrosis (AVN) are usually used interchangeably. The term infarct usually refers to identical changes occurring in the marrow cavity rather than…
Ultrasound
Key Facts • Ultrasound is now a well-established imaging modality helping early diagnosis and follow-up of rheumatologic disorders. • Dynamic ultrasound imaging and assessment of vascularity are among the most…
Imaging of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Key Facts • Imaging findings in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) reflect the pathophysiology of the disease. • Early radiographic findings include fusiform soft tissue swelling and juxtaarticular osteoporosis. • Later radiographic…
