Abstract Amniotic fluid is necessary for normal development of the fetal respiratory, gastrointestinal, urinary, and musculoskeletal systems. Oligohydramnios, a reduced amount of amniotic fluid, complicates 0.5% to 8% of pregnancies….
Abstract Polyhydramnios is an excessive amount of amniotic fluid, occurring in 1% of pregnant women. It can be defined by an absolute value or a gestational age–specific value utilizing single…
Abstract There are multiple etiologies for fetal growth restriction, and a thorough patient history and physical examination are important to identify risk factors for the current pregnancy and future reproductive…
Abstract Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) was first described in the mid-1960s. It was originally called EMG syndrome based on the presence of exomphalos, macroglossia, and gigantism in many cases. There are…
Introduction Monochorionic twin gestations are at increased risk of perinatal morbidity and mortality related to a shared placental circulation. They are uniquely susceptible to the development of twin-twin transfusion syndrome…
Abstract Aortic coarctation consists of a constriction of the aortic arch that causes some degree of aortic arch hypoplasia. The suspicion of coarctation of the aorta must be raised in…
Abstract Common arterial trunk is a rare congenital heart defect characterized by a single great artery connecting both ventricles, responsible for the pulmonary, systemic, and coronary circulation. It is frequently…
Introduction Intrauterine fetal shunts provide continuous drainage of fluid accumulations that are associated with a high risk of death or profound morbidity without decompression. The shunts are flexible plastic catheters…
Introduction The use of radiofrequency energy to create focal thermal tissue injury was first studied in the liver in the early 1990s. In 1996 the first radiofrequency ablation (RFA) procedure…
Abstract Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is a procedure in which small samples of placental tissue are obtained for prenatal diagnosis of aneuploidy or for deoxyribonucleic acid analysis. CVS is an…
