Fig. 10.1 Early gestational sac with hCG = 420 mIU/mL Discriminatory Value The discriminatory value is that level of hCG above which all normal intrauterine pregnancies should be seen. An early study,…
1. Confirmation of the presence of an intrauterine pregnancy 2. Evaluation of a suspected ectopic pregnancy 3. Defining the cause of vaginal bleeding 4. Evaluation of pelvic pain 5. Estimation…
Confirmation of the presence of an intrauterine pregnancy Evaluation of a suspected ectopic pregnancy Defining the cause of vaginal bleeding Evaluation of pelvic pain Estimation of gestational (menstrual) age Diagnosis…
Organ/anatomical area Present and/or normal? Head Present Cranial bones Midline falx Choroid-plexus-filled ventricles Neck Normal appearance Nuchal translucency thickness (if accepted after informed consent and trained/certified operator available)b Face Eyes…
Fig. 20.1 Approaches to CVS: transcervical (red horizontal arrow) and transabdominal (green vertical arrow) In our own experience, we perform the TC approach in about 70 % of singletons. Less…
Age of mother at term (years) Risk for trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) (%) Total risk for any chromosome abnormalityb (%) 20c 1/1667 0.06 1/526 0.2 21 1/1429 0.07 1/526 0.2…
Drug Teratogenic effects Alcohol Fetal alcohol syndrome, growth retardation, neurological abnormality, developmental delay, intellectual impairment, microcephaly, microphthalmia, short palpebral fissures, poorly developed philtrum, thin upper lip and/or flattening of maxillary…
Fig. 5.1 Ultrasound images of a 57-year-old woman. B-mode sonography indicates an ovoid to round hypoechoic lesion with a maximum diameter of 0.6 cm. The diagnosis was a focal fatty…
Fig. 6.1 Grayscale longitudinal image (right) of normal relaxed rectus femoris muscle. At sonoelastography (left), the muscle appears as a mosaic of intermediate stiffness green color with scattered softer (red)…
