Obstetric Ultrasound–Second and Third Trimester US is widely used in the evaluation of pregnancy with more than 70% of all pregnancies in the United States undergoing sonographic evaluation [1]. Indications…
Abdomen Ultrasound Imaging Technique The abdomen is examined with sector or curved array transducers using frequencies of 5.0 to 2.25 MHz. The highest frequency that allows adequate penetration is used…
Vascular Ultrasound Vascular US is based upon the use of the Doppler effect first described in 1842 by the Austrian mathematician Johann Christian Doppler. As applied to diagnostic US, the…
Chest Ultrasound Sonography is complementary to chest radiography and CT in the evaluation of pathologic processes in the thorax. US commonly reveals abnormalities not shown by other imaging methods (Fig….
Female Pelvis Ultrasound Sonography plays the primary role in imaging of the female pelvis. CT and MR are supplemental techniques used when the US examination is equivocal and in the…
Musculoskeletal Ultrasound US evaluation of the musculoskeletal system is a rapidly expanding area of sonographic diagnosis. Indications include assessment of soft tissue infections, detection and characterization of soft tissue masses,…
Prostate and Seminal Vesicle Ultrasound The initial enthusiasm for transrectal US (TRUS) imaging of the prostate to screen for and stage prostate cancer has dimmed considerably. Currently, in most practices,…
Neonatal Neurosonography Sonography provides a cost-effective, readily available method to image the infant brain. It is especially valuable because it can be performed at the bedside of premature or critically…
Ultrasound of Organ Transplants and Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Renal Transplants Sonography plays a central role in the initial evaluation and long-term follow-up of renal transplants. US is used to…
Renal, Bladder, and Adrenal Ultrasound Imaging Technique Kidneys A renal US examination typically includes sonography of both kidneys, the perirenal areas, the aorta, inferior vena cava (IVC), and the urinary…
