Majority are due to esophageal instrumentation Confirmed by contrast esophagram or CT, which are complementary • Cervical esophageal perforation (EP) Subcutaneous or interstitial emphysema; neck and mediastinum Consider perforation of Zenker…
Multiplanar CECT, enteroclysis, barium enema • Single or multiple stenoses (strictures) of varying length (up to several cm) • Acute: CT submucosal edema (near water density) Fluoroscopy: Bowel loops appear spastic (↓…
Diffuse GB thickening ± sonographic Murphy sign in setting of acalculous cholecystitis • MR: Papillary stenosis with tapered narrowing of distal CBD and proximal CBD dilatation ± long-segment extrahepatic bile duct strictures…
Sliding (axial) hiatal hernia (HH): Gastroesophageal (GE) junction and gastric cardia pass through esophageal hiatus Paraesophageal (rolling) hernia: Gastric fundus ± other parts of stomach herniate into chest • Surgical classification…
Agenesis of GB: Congenital absence of GB Hypogenesis of GB: Rudimentary or atretic GB Bilobed GB: 2 completely divided GB cavities with a common cystic duct Duplicated GB: Duplicated GB…
Wedge-shaped area of hyperattenuation with straight margins seen during arterial phase of CECT or MR Becomes isodense to hepatic parenchyma during portal venous phase of CECT or gadolinium-enhanced MR • Peripherally…
Strictures long and smooth without irregularity and may cause proximal biliary dilatation • MR: MRCP images nicely demonstrate irregularity and strictures of intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts (most commonly affecting distal…
Usually unilocular, well-defined cyst with sharp margin and thin imperceptible wall – Typically no internal complexity, septations, nodularity, or calcifications – Usually no communication with pancreatic duct – Usually single cyst but frequently…
Impression on CHD is often concave to the right Cholecystocholedochal fistula: Contrast directly passes from biliary tree into GB • MR: Dilated CHD and intrahepatic ducts with stricture at level of stone…
Massively dilated bile ducts (either diffuse or localized) filled with mucin Mural nodules best visualized after removal of mucin Biliary dilation both proximal and distal to mural nodule • CT/MR: Markedly…
