10.1055/b-0034-87940 Hands and Feet: Soft-Tissue Alterations Table 5.66 Hands and feet: soft-tissue calcifications (localized) Diagnosis Posttraumatic Iatrogenic Myositis ossificans Fig. 5.107 Fig. 5.108a–c Hemangioma Fig. 5.109a–c, p. 570 Lipoma Subcutaneous…
10.1055/b-0034-87942 Periosteal Reaction The periosteum is a membrane that covers the majority of bone except at locations at and near cartilage. How periosteum responds to stimuli (e.g., trauma, infection, metabolic…
10.1055/b-0034-87943 Bone Marrow Patterns Table 5.88 Bone marrow: foci of increased T2-weighted signal intensity Diagnosis Findings Comments Normal variation in residual red marrow and/or vascular channels Fig. 5.170a, b Fig….
10.1055/b-0034-87944 Changes in Bone Density: Increased Table 5.91 Bone density: increased density (osteosclerosis) Diagnosis Findings Comments Osteosclerosis of premature infants and neonates Generalized increased density of all the bones. Physiologic…
10.1055/b-0034-87945 Changes in Bone Density: Decreased Several terms are commonly used to describe the decreased density of bones. Osteoporosis is a disease of reduced bone mineral density that leads to…
10.1055/b-0034-87946 Skeletal Maturation Table 5.93 Skeletal maturation: accelerated maturation Diagnosis Comments Endocrine Comparison with an atlas of normal maturation will show the acceleration. Prolonged elevation in sex steroids. DD: precocious…
10.1055/b-0034-87947 Lethal Dysplasias Lethal skeletal dysplasias have been classified into 11 major categories and the genes responsible are known for several. Several may be diagnosed prenatally. The more common ones…
10.1055/b-0034-87948 Fracture Dating Estimation of fracture age should be approached with caution. The current timeline for estimating fracture age ( Table 5.97 ) is based on anecdotal experience of seasoned…
10.1055/b-0034-87949 Child Abuse Table 5.98 Child abuse: conditions that masquerade as child abuse and simulate the classic metaphyseal lesion (see Table 5.44) Diagnosis Comments Birth trauma After low segment cesarean…
10.1055/b-0034-87932 Metaphysis The Erlenmeyer flask shape describes the distal femur when the metaphysis is broad and the transition zone of the diaphysis is wide ( Fig. 5.67 ). The Erlenmeyer…
