Ultrasound of Salivary Glands and the Non-endocrine Neck
Figure 11.1 The six neck levels are demonstrated. The darker areas are the likely sites for metastatic papillary and medullary carcinoma Level I This level has a close relationship to…
Ultrasound and Mapping of Neck Lymph Nodes
Figure 8.1 Surgical levels of the neck Level I constitutes lymph nodes above the anterior and posterior bellies of the digastric muscle cephalad to the hyoid bone and inferior to…
Thyroid Ultrasound Physics
Figure. 2.1 Speed of sound . The speed of sound is constant for a specific material and does not vary with frequency. Speed of sound for various biological tissues is…
Diffuse Thyroid Disease (DTD) and Thyroiditis
Thyroid gland Characteristic Size Measure sagittal × AP × transverse dimensions Unusual shape Note and measure extension of lobe(s) below clavicles, pyramidal lobe, and thyroglossal duct masses Echotexture Homogeneous or…
Pediatric Ultrasound of the Neck
Figure 5.1 Goitrous thyroid in congenital hypothyroidism . Axial CT images (a–c) show a massively enlarged thyroid (arrows) in a 5-month-old with a TSH over 300. Full ultrasonic visualization of…
Normal Neck Anatomy and Method of Performing Ultrasound Examination
Figure 4.1 Ultrasound console units are manufactured in numerous versions. Shown here are the clinic- or radiology-based platform (a) and the portable, laptop-sized unit that can be mounted on a…
Ultrasonography of the Parathyroid Glands
Figure 9.1 Superior parathyroid adenoma seen in longitudinal view. Indentation sign. (a) Upper PA, craniocaudal view, note indentation. (b) Upper PA, note indentation sign, and long pencil shape. (c) Small…
Doppler Ultrasound
Figure. 3.1 Illustration of the Doppler shift . When a moving target reflects a sound, the frequency of the reflected sound wave is altered. The frequency is shifted up by…
Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Biopsy of Thyroid Nodules
Ultrasound pattern Estimated risk of malignancy (%) FNA size threshold High suspicion >70–90 ≥1 cm (repeat FNA within 12 months if initial cytology is benign) Intermediate suspicion 10–20 ≥1 cm…
Laser and Radiofrequency Ablation Procedures
Figure 13.1 Ultrasound image of a three-fiber thyroid nodule laser ablation in a transverse US B-mode scan. Laser marks are seen as anechoic spots surrounded by hyperechoic rims. These are…
