Radiology Key

Table 10.2 shows typical values for commonly used energies). Low energy beams, e.g. 4–6   MV are suited to more superficial volumes, e.g. head and neck PTVs, while deep pelvic PTVs will…

Figure 13.2 illustrates such a change in performance with time. Figure 13.2 Change in performance represented by a linear change of a parameter over a time period t after which…

Figure 20.25). Figure 20.25 Mycosis fungoides, with patches, plaques and nodules. The development of lymphadenopathy or visceral organ involvement worsens prognosis markedly and the development of large abnormal circulating T…

Table 16.2 lists examples of tumour nomenclature. In general, the names are built up from one part to describe the tissue type, and another to indicate its behavior. All end…

Figure 17.1A). The initially ejected electrons (e−) may possess sufficient energy themselves to cause further ionizations until their energy is dissipated and they become solvated to give an aqueous electron…

Table 33.3 shows the National Wilms’ Tumour Study Group (NWTS) staging system for Wilms’ tumour. In 4–8% of cases tumours are bilateral (stage V). Table 33.3 National Wilms’ Tumour Study…

21]) • ISO 9001 Quality management systems – Requirements (last published 2008 [22]) • ISO 9004 Quality management systems – Guidelines for performance improvements (last published 2000 [23], due for…

4] who recognized that a suitable software package in conjunction with a diagnostic CT scanner could be developed that would emulate a conventional radiotherapy simulator. In the early 1980s, the…

Figures evolve 16.7 & 16.8 ). For most of the common tumours, the pathologist divides them into descriptive categories: well differentiated, moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated. Undifferentiated tumours lack sufficient…

Figure 20.27A) present with an erythematous or vascular nodule, which can then ulcerate or go on to form several other nodules. They can metastasize early and wide surgical excision is…