Lung, Pleura, and Chest Wall
Lung, Pleura, and Chest Wall The conventional chest radiograph usually suffices for the detection and evaluation of most lung pathology. Despite its well-established role in detecting a wide spectrum of…
Mediastinum
Mediastinum Evaluation of the mediastinum usually begins with chest radiography. The chest radiograph can confirm that there is a mediastinal abnormality and help localize it within the anterior, middle, or…
Benign Masses
Benign Masses Although we place much emphasis on detecting microcalcifications and anguish over their characterization, we need to recognize that most invasive ductal carcinomas present as a mass. In contrast,…
Interventional Procedures
Interventional Procedures DUCTOGRAPHY The evaluation and management of patients presenting with nipple discharge is variable among clinicians. Commonly, a prolactin level is checked, and some of the discharge is submitted…
The Altered Breast
The Altered Breast EXCISIONAL BIOPSY CHANGES Accurate preoperative wire localization methods now facilitate minimal volume biopsies, and an increasing number of minimally invasive imaging-guided needle biopsies have reduced the need…
Malignant Lesions
Malignant Lesions INVASIVE DUCTAL CARCINOMA Invasive ductal carcinoma not otherwise specified (NOS), or no special type, is the most common type of breast cancer, representing 65% to 75% of mammary…
Calcifications
Calcifications Calcifications developing in the breast are variable in number and appearance. Most calcifications detected in patients on screening mammograms reflect a benign etiology. A small percentage develop in association…
Breast Ultrasound
Breast Ultrasound EQUIPMENT AND TECHNICAL ISSUES Spatial resolution in ultrasound is defined as axial, lateral, and elevation resolution (Figure 4.1). Axial resolution is the ability to resolve two adjacent structures…
Screening Mammography
Screening Mammography QUALITY-CONTROL TESTS Quality-control tests done daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly, and semiannually by the technologists, as required under the Mammography Quality Standards Act (MQSA) (1) and the American College…
