Genetically Encoded Protein Sensors of Membrane Potential
Fig. 20.1 FlaSh. (a) GFPΔC (green) was inserted in-frame into the Shaker K1 channel (black). A point mutation W434F (red circle) was made in the pore of the channel to…
Imaging the Dynamics of Neocortical Population Activity in Behaving and Freely Moving Mammals
Fig. 11.1 Voltage-sensitive dye imaging of behaving monkeys. Setup for VSD imaging of cortical dynamics in behaving monkeys. The exposed monkey cortex is covered with a sealed cranial window (bottom…
Monitoring Population Membrane Potential Signals from Neocortex
Fig. 7.1 Photodiode array, absorption spectra and signal-to-noise ratio. (a) WuTech 469 V photodiode array, a commercial version of the photodiode arrays developed by Cohen group (Cohen and Lesher 1986). WuTech…
Monitoring Population Membrane Potential Signals During Development of the Vertebrate Nervous System
Fig. 9.1 Voltage-sensitive dye and optical recording system. (a) The chemical structure (upper) and wavelength dependence (lower) of a merocyanine-rhodanine dye NK2761. Fractional changes in transmitted light intensity (ΔI/I: the…
Combining Membrane Potential Imaging with Other Optical Techniques
Fig. 4.1 Alternatives for combined imaging using two-indicators. (a) (Left) Ideal absorption and emission spectra of two indicators with separate absorption spectra and overlapping emission spectra. Arrows indicated by “ex”…
Historical Overview and General Methods of Membrane Potential Imaging
Fig. 1.1 (a) Top. Photographs of Richard Keynes and David Hill. Bottom panel. A Carcinus maenas leg nerve was stimulated 250 times during the bar labeled stimulus. The stimulus resulted…
Monitoring Spiking Activity of Many Individual Neurons in Invertebrate Ganglia
Fig. 5.1 Imaging with fast voltage sensitive dyes allows simultaneous recording of the individual action potentials generated by large numbers of neurons. (a) Conventional sharp electrode intracellular recording of the…
Voltage Imaging in the Study of Hippocampal Circuit Function and Plasticity
Fig. 8.1 Imaging LTP in the CA1 region. (A) A CCD image of the CA1 region in a hippocampal slice, with boundaries between layers highlighted in red. SO stratum oriens,…
Optical Imaging of Cardiac Action Potential
Fig. 12.1 (a) Phase-map of a re-entrant arrhythmia in a perfused sheep left atrium. A phase singularity (circle) can be observed at the center of spiral wave. (b) Corresponding activation…
Between Cardiac Electrical and Mechanical Activation Markers by Coupling Bidomain and Deformation Models
the material coordinates of the undeformed cardiac domain , by the spatial coordinates of the deformed cardiac domain at time t, by the deformation gradient. The cardiac tissue is modeled…
