Male Reproductive Organs
Fig. 11.1 Anatomy diagram of the right scrotal hemi-sac, axial section. From outside to inside, the external spermatic fascia (green), the cremaster muscle (red), the internal spermatic fascia (light blue)…
Female Reproductive System
Fig. 12.1 Anatomic diagram of the developmental stages from ovarian follicle to luteal body. Counterclockwise from left: primordial and primary follicles, maturing follicles, ruptured follicle (or hemorrhagic body), luteal bodies,…
Abdominal Cavity, Peritoneum and Retroperitoneum
Fig. 7.1 Anatomy of the superior abdominal cavity. The lesser sac is highlighted. K kidney, L liver, P pancreas, S spleen, St stomach The transverse mesocolon, adjacent to the greater…
Mitral Valve Devices
Fig. 6.1 MitraClip device (Abbott Vascular) Fig. 6.2 (a) Mechanism of MitraClip. (b) Clip and guide catheter The clip itself consists of two arms and two grippers. Using catheter guidance,…
Mitral Valve Prostheses
Fig. 11.1 A 3D image of a normally functioning, trileaflet, Biocor bioprosthetic mitral valve replacement viewed from the left atrium. High image resolution enables the leaflets, annulus, and even sutures…
Degenerative Mitral Valve Disease: Prolapse and Flail
Fig. 4.1 Transesophageal 3D reconstruction of the mitral valve demonstrating prolapse of the middle and lateral posterior leaflet scallops (P1 & P2) Fig. 4.2 Transesophageal echo biplane (0 and 90°)…
Infective Endocarditis
Fig. 7.1 Apical four-chamber transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) showing large vegetation attached to the posterior leaflet of the mitral valve (arrows) Fig. 7.2 Color Doppler imaging of Fig. 7.1 demonstrated severe…
Rheumatic Mitral Valve Disease
Fig. 5.1 Posteroanterior (PA) chest x-ray showed straightening of the left cardiac border with double contour sign (arrows) indicating left atrial enlargement as well as prominent pulmonary venous blood flow…
Applications of Stress Echocardiography in Mitral Valve Disease
Fig. 12.1 Parasternal long-axis end-systolic image at rest, demonstrating posterior mitral valve leaflet prolapse Fig. 12.2 Parasternal long-axis end-systolic image at peak exercise. Note the decreased left ventricular cavity size…
