Radiology Key

Renal Failure ▪ RENAL FAILURE There is no clearly defined set of biochemical or clinical criteria that characterize renal failure. Most authors use this term to describe a patient whose…

Renal Inflammatory Disease Inflammatory conditions involving the urinary tract are among the most common infectious disorders affecting humans. In most cases, the infection is confined to the lower urinary tract,…

Renal Tumors Because any cell type found in the kidney or renal capsule has the potential to become neoplastic, there are many types of renal tumors. Unfortunately, few of these…

The Adrenal Gland Patients with abnormalities involving the adrenal glands may present with symptoms due to the adrenal disease, or the abnormality may be identified as an incidental finding on…

Renal Cystic Disease Renal cysts, cystic disease, and cystic masses are the most common abnormalities encountered in uroradiology. In some patients, renal cysts are part of a systemic process that…

The Retroperitoneum The several spaces and potential spaces that compose the retroperitoneum are discussed in the chapter on anatomy. The subject of this chapter is those conditions, which involve the…

Diagnostic Techniques ▪ RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES Excretory Urography The importance of excretory urography (intravenous pyelogram [IVP]) as an examination of the urinary tract continues to decline as abdominal computed tomography (CT)…

Functional Renal Anatomy, Renal Physiology, and Contrast Media ▪ FUNCTIONAL RENAL ANATOMY AND RENAL PHYSIOLOGY The kidney maintains the homeostasis of body fluids through the excretion of metabolic end products…

Congenital Anomalies ▪ UPPER URINARY TRACT ANOMALIES Kidney Anomalies of Position Malrotation Malrotation of a normally positioned kidney most commonly occurs as a result of failure of rotation of the…

Anatomy and Embryology ▪ ANATOMY Adrenal Gland The adrenal glands share the perinephric space with the kidneys. The right adrenal lies above and anteromedial to the upper pole of the…