Biliary Anomalies
Abstract The fetal biliary tract can give rise to congenital abnormalities, including biliary atresia, choledochal cysts, and gallstones. They are amenable to prenatal diagnosis but can be challenging to recognize….
Fetal Hepatic Calcification
Abstract Fetal hepatic calcifications are present in less than 1% of pregnancies. They may be associated with aneuploidy and fetal/placental viral infections. When isolated, they are usually benign. This chapter…
Intestinal Obstruction
Abstract Numerous pathologic processes can alter the development of the fetal intestinal tract. Cystic or echogenic fetal intraabdominal findings warrant detailed study of the gastrointestinal tract. In this chapter, we…
Gastroschisis
Abstract Gastroschisis is a result of a full-thickness paraumbilical (usually right-sided) defect that allows herniation of free-floating fetal bowel into the amniotic cavity. The worldwide incidence of gastroschisis is increasing,…
Hepatic Anomalies
Abstract Hepatomegaly can occur in maternal diabetes, fetal infection, metabolic/storage disease, and in genetic syndromes. Structural fetal hepatic anomalies include tumors (usually primary, rarely metastatic), calcifications, cysts, and biliary anomalies….
Intraabdominal Masses
Abstract Intraabdominal masses are rare and often only recognized in the third trimester of pregnancy. There are typically multiple options for diagnosis, but the differential diagnosis can be narrowed by…
Autosomal Recessive (Infantile) Polycystic Kidney Disease
Abstract Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease, also called infantile polycystic kidney disease, is a chronic, progressive condition that causes cystic dilatation of the renal collecting ducts and congenital hepatic fibrosis….
Megacystis-Microcolon-Intestinal Hypoperistalsis Syndrome
Abstract Megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome (MMIHS) is also called neonatal hollow visceral myopathy or Berdon syndrome . MMIHS is characterized by functional intestinal obstruction, dilated small intestine, microcolon, malrotation,…
Cloacal Abnormalities
Abstract A cloaca is a common chamber into which some or all of the digestive, urinary, and reproductive tracts discharge their contents. A cloaca exists in all human embryos up…
Ambiguous Genitalia
Abstract Ambiguous genitalia is a morphologic diagnosis, with various underlying genetic and hormonal etiologies. Because of the complex genetic, hormonal, physical, and social factors involved, determination of fetal sex in…
