Sacrococcygeal Teratoma
Key Echocardiographic Features • Look for signs of fetal hydrops such as pericardial effusion, pleural effusion, ascites, or scalp edema. • Assess heart size through cardiothoracic ratio measures. • Evaluate…
Anatomical and Functional Fetal Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging: An Emerging Technology
Why Apply Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging to the Fetus: Is there a Need for Another Imaging Modality? Assessment of fetal cardiac anatomy and function is an important component of the…
Agenesis of the Ductus Venosus
Key Echocardiographic Features • Trace and identify the insertion of the umbilical vein into the fetus and follow its course to the heart. • Determine whether the umbilical vein connects…
Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation
Key Echocardiographic Features • Compression of the heart, with small cardiothoracic ratio. • Abnormal position of the heart within the chest. • Distortion of the inferior vena cava as it…
Fetal Cardiomyopathy
Key Echocardiographic Features • Investigate for heart size (cardiothoracic ratio). • Investigate systolic function, qualitative and quantitative (myocardial performance index, shortening fraction). • Look for evidence of pericardial effusion or…
Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation
Key Echocardiographic Features • Enlarged heart, but with relatively preserved systolic function. • No other obvious explanation as to why the heart is enlarged. • Both right and left side…
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
Key Echocardiographic Features • Displacement of the cardiac position. • Small left ventricle cavity volume. • Assess mitral valve annulus and aortic annulus, which may be of normal size despite…
Abnormalities of the Ductus Arteriosus
Key Echocardiographic Features • Identify the presence, position, and location of the ductus arteriosus as originating from the confluence of the branch pulmonary arteries off of the main pulmonary artery…
Twin Reverse Arterial Perfusion
Key Echocardiographic Features • Presence of monochorionic pregnancy in which one twin has a primitive, ineffective heart. • Direction of flow in the umbilical artery is from placenta to fetus…
Heterotaxy Syndrome and Complex Single Ventricle
Key Echocardiographic Features • Identify the location of the abdominal organs (stomach and liver) and determine situs. • Identify the position of the heart in the chest (levocardia or dextrocardia)….
