Hemorrhagic Stroke
Fig. 1 Hounsfield densities. Cerebrospinal fluid has an HU of 0 (white arrow). White matter has an HU of 25–34 (open white arrow). Gray matter has an HU of 30–40…
Brain Arteriovenous Malformations
Fig. 1 A 29-year-old female presented to the ER with severe headaches. She was found to have a small paramedian right parietal intracerebral hemorrhage. Sagittal CTA (a) shows an enlarged…
Carotid Cavernous Fistula
Fig. 1 Venous drainage pathways. (a) Frontal projection and (b) lateral projection of a right internal carotid artery angiogram demonstrating a direct right-sided CCF with bilateral venous drainage via the…
Spinal Vascular Imaging: Technique
Name of the artery [2] Vascularization Radicular (or radiculomeningeal) arteries (0.2–0.8 mm) Nerve root, dura mater Anterior radiculomedullary arteries (6–8) and the great radiculomedullary artery (0.5–1.0 mm) Join the ASA…
Intracranial Atherosclerosis
Fig. 1 Intracranial atherosclerotic stenoses diagnosed by transcranial Doppler imaging (TCDI) and digital subtraction angiography (DSA). (a) DSA (center), 58 % stenosis of the M1 segment of the middle cerebral…
Essentials of Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound
Artery Depth (mm) Window Flow direction Transducer orientation MFV (cm/s) Ophthalmic artery 40–50 Orbital Toward Slightly medial 16–26 Middle cerebral artery (MCA) 35–60 Temporal Toward En face 46–86 Anterior cerebral…
Territorial Strokes as a Tool to Learn Vascular Territories
Fig. 1 Approximate vascular territories of the cerebral arteries and their branches as well as the posterior fossa vessels. There is considerable variability in these territories particularly in the basal…
DSA Imaging Protocol and Technique
Vessel injected Injector settings ml/s ml Aortic arch 20 25 Common carotid artery (CCA) 8 12 Subclavian artery 6 15 Internal carotid artery (ICA) 6 8 External carotid artery (ECA)…
Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Fig. 1 Different patterns of intracranial hemorrhage related to aneurysmal rupture. (a) Typical subarachnoid hemorrhage in a patient with an AComm aneurysm. Spontaneous hyperdensities are seen within the cortical sulci….
The Role of Diagnostic Imaging Techniques for Detection of Extracranial Venous System Abnormalities Associated with Central Nervous System Disorders
Doppler sonography classification Types/examples Intraluminal structural venous abnormality: This is an echogenic structure extending from the endothelial lining of the vein wall with/without the presence of functional abnormality. These abnormalities…
