Swollen Nerve DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common • Nerve Entrapment • Nerve Sheath Tumor Less Common • Nerve Injury • Perineural Fibrosis • Immune-Mediated Peripheral Neuropathy • Fibrolipomatous Hamartoma • Intraneural Lipoma • Intraneural Ganglion • Metastases • Acromegaly • Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease • Leprosy…
Soft Tissue Tumor Biopsy KEY FACTS Terminology • Percutaneous biopsy of soft tissue tumor under US guidance Accurate, safer, and more cost-effective alternative to open biopsy for tissue diagnosis Preprocedure • To…
Epidermoid Cyst KEY FACTS Terminology • Slow-growing subdermal cyst that contains keratin and is lined by stratified squamous epithelium Cyst wall must not contain dermal elements Imaging • US appearances depend on…
Developmental Hip Dysplasia KEY FACTS Imaging • Shallow acetabulum ± subluxation of femoral head • US useful before 6 months of age • Normal hip Capsular laxity: > 50% bony coverage femoral head…
Hemarthrosis and Lipohemarthrosis KEY FACTS Terminology • Hemarthrosis: Blood in joint cavity • Lipohemarthrosis: Blood and fat in joint cavity Imaging • Layered joint effusion • Hemarthrosis initially seen as finely speckled echogenic joint…
Peritendinous Mass DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common • Ganglion Cyst • Giant Cell Tumor of Tendon Sheath • Tenosynovitis • Annular Pulley Thickening • Gouty Tophus Less Common • Nerve Sheath Tumor • Extensor Retinaculum Thickening • Bursitis • Synovial Sarcoma…
Tendon Hyperechogenicity DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common • Calcific Tendinitis • Calcification Within Tendinosis • Gout Less Common • Tendon Tear • Avulsion Injury of Tendon • Accessory Ossicle • Suture Material Within Tendon • Foreign Body Within Tendon ESSENTIAL…
Calcified Soft Tissue Mass DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Common • Granuloma • Venous Vascular Malformation • Gout or Pseudogout Less Common • Fat Necrosis • Panniculitis • Pilomatricoma • Sarcoma • Soft Tissue Metastases • Nerve Sheath Tumor • Fibroma • Soft Tissue…
