Bronchiectasis
13 Bronchiectasis Fig. 13.1 This patient has bronchiectasis in a central distribution. Background Bronchiectasis refers to permanent dilatation of bronchi and bronchioles. This leads to recurrent chest infections and sputum…
Lung abscess
10 Lung abscess Fig. 10.1A This radiograph demonstrates several ill-defined opacities in both lungs with central cavitation. This patient was an intravenous drug abuser who had endocarditis complicated by cavitating…
Central lines
3 Central lines Background Central lines or central venous pressure (CVP) lines are placed to allow access to the central venous circulation. They have several functions, such as venous access…
Technical factors in CXR interpretation
6 Technical factors in CXR interpretation Technical factors are very important as they can mimic pathology. They may cause normal lung to appear white on the radiograph, mimicking other pathologies…
Chest drains
5 Chest drains Background Chest drains are placed for the drainage of pleural space collections. These may include pneumothoraces (Chapter 18), pleural effusions (Chapter 20) and haemothoraces in trauma patients….
Permanent pacemakers
4 Permanent pacemakers Background Cardiac pacing is an established and effective treatment for cardiac arrhythmias and placement of a permanent pacemaker is a common procedure in hospitals. It may be…
Nasogastric tubes
1 Nasogastric tubes Background Nasogastric (NG) tubes are placed for a number of medical reasons. These include decompression of the gastrointestinal tract in a patient with intestinal obstruction and for…
Endotracheal tubes
2 Endotracheal tubes Background Endotracheal (ET) tubes are placed within the trachea as a definitive airway to allow mechanical ventilation in a patient who cannot maintain their own airway due…
Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathology of the Breast
CHAPTER 3 Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathology of the Breast Summary of Important Points MAMMARY GLANDS • Mammary glands are accessory glands of the female reproductive system. They are a specific…
Mammographic Technique and Image Evaluation
CHAPTER 4 Mammographic Technique and Image Evaluation Summary of Important Points ROUTINE BREAST IMAGING Breast Compression Breast compression is under the discretion of the mammographer and will depend on the…
