Müllerian abnormalities
Anatomy, embryology, pathophysiology ◼ After the sixth week of gestation, in the absence of a Y chromosome, the paired Müllerian (paramesonephric) ducts begin to form in female neonates. ◼ Over…
Focal uterine lesions
Anatomy, embryology, pathophysiology The uterus is a thick-walled muscular organ of the female reproductive system that lies in the true pelvis posterior to the bladder and anterior to the rectosigmoid…
Prostate imaging
Anatomy, embryology, and pathophysiology ◼ The prostate is a cone-shaped exocrine gland located inferior to the bladder and anterior to the rectum. It surrounds the uppermost segment of the urethra…
Testicular lesions
Anatomy, embryology, pathophysiology ◼ The testes, the principal male reproductive organs, are located within the scrotal sac, and surrounded by a thick layer of fibrous capsule and the tunica albuginea…
Postoperative imaging
Techniques Plain radiography Plain radiographs are often used in the postoperative abdomen to evaluate lines and tubes, bowel gas pattern, retained foreign bodies, and the presence of pneumoperitoneum. Fluoroscopy Fluoroscopic…
Solid adnexal lesions
Anatomy, embryology, pathophysiology Please see Chapter 33 . Imaging techniques and protocols Please see Chapter 33 . Specific disease processes A purely solid adnexal lesion is usually considered benign, with…
Pelvic floor disease
Anatomy, embryology, pathophysiology ◼ The pelvic floor consists of the levator ani, the pelvic sphincters, and fascia that support the rectum, bladder and urethra, as well as the vagina, cervix,…
Endometrial/junctional zone thickening
Anatomy, embryology, pathophysiology The uterus is a hollow muscular organ of the female reproductive system with a shape and size similar to that of an upside-down pear in women of…
Adrenal gland enlargement and nodules
Anatomy, embryology, pathophysiology ◼ The adrenal glands are multifunctioning, inverted Y-shaped, retroperitoneal endocrine glands normally located superior to the kidneys in the perirenal space ( Fig. 28.1 ). ◼ The…
