Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has gained popularity over the last decade because of its excellent soft tissue imaging capability and superior spatial resolution as well as lack of ionizing radiation….
Myocardial Oxygenation: Supply Versus Demand Under physiologic conditions, myocardial blood flow (MBF), myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO 2 ), and myocardial mechanics are intimately related. Therefore it is not surprising that…
The physiologic basis for and the general principles of myocardial perfusion cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) are covered in detail in other chapters. The key challenge of first-pass dynamic contrast-enhanced acquisition…
Introduction Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging uses the 1 H nucleus in water (H 2 O) and fat (CH 2 and CH 3 groups) molecules as its only signal source,…
During the last three decades, cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) has developed into an important diagnostic clinical tool in cardiology. Not only the anatomy of the heart but also its function,…
Respiration has been shown to be an important factor influencing the quality of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) images. In addition to cardiac motion, which can be addressed reasonably well by…
The idea of mapping measurements of blood flow onto a magnetic resonance (MR) image was first discussed in an article by Singer in 1978. The methods that followed could generally…
Introduction The concept of injecting a tracer into the blood stream and detecting its transit and distribution in the heart muscle for the assessment of myocardial perfusion is well established…
Although currently not approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for cardiac imaging, the vast majority of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) studies use a gadolinium-based contrast agent. The…
Introduction This introduction to the basic principles of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) describes the concepts of magnetization, T1, T2, T2*, and image formation, and describes some common CMR pulse sequences…
